Climbing Pico do Fogo
Fogo's Unique Landscape
Lava Fields and Mars-like Terrain
Hikes on Fogo lead through dramatic, almost otherworldly landscapes dominated by dark lava flows from recent eruptions. The trails wind between solidified Aa and Pahoehoe lava fields – witnesses to approximately 30 historical eruptions since the 15th century.
The lava fields from the 1995 and 2014/2015 eruptions are particularly impressive and can be visited on guided tours.
Fertile Surprises
Despite the volcanic soil, large parts of the island are surprisingly fertile and green. Vineyards and coffee plantations cover the slopes, creating a fascinating contrast to the barren volcanic world.
Pico do Fogo: The Ultimate Challenge
The Summit Experience
At 2,829 meters, Pico do Fogo towers as the highest peak of the entire archipelago. Climbing this still-active volcano, considered one of the steepest in the world, is the absolute highlight of any Fogo visit.
What to Expect
The hike begins at the Caldeiras plateau at approximately 1,500 meters elevation and demands another 1,000 meters of ascent to reach the summit. The route starts on gravel paths and volcanic ash before climbing along massive volcanic rocks.
Duration: 4 to 7 hours (ascent and descent)
Difficulty: Demanding – good physical fitness required
Guide requirement: Yes, local mountain guides are mandatory and can be found in the Caldeira villages
The Spectacular Descent
The descent usually follows a different side of the crater and becomes an unforgettable experience: you'll glide almost weightlessly through volcanic gravel and ash, sinking up to mid-calf with each step – a surreal feeling, as if you're walking on another planet.
The View from the Summit
From the highest point, a breathtaking 360-degree panorama unfolds: the Caldeira, a spectacular plateau of 40 km² at 1,500 meters, spreads out below you, surrounded by the endless Atlantic.
Practical Guide: Planning Your Volcano Ascent
Starting Point and Access
Starting point: Chã das Caldeiras (at approx. 1,760 m elevation)
The village sits in the middle of the Caldeira, surrounded by the impressive 1,000-meter-high cliff wall called Bordeira. From here your ascent begins – so you still have about 1,000 meters of elevation gain to tackle.
Timing and Daily Planning
Optimal start time: Between 5:00 and 7:00 AM
Why so early?
- Cooler temperatures in the morning hours
- Less intense sun exposure
- Better visibility
- Return before the peak midday heat
Latest start: 12:00 PM (after that it gets too hot and dangerous)
Your Local Guide
Mandatory, not optional: Climbing Pico do Fogo is only allowed with a local mountain guide!
Where to find guides?
- Directly in the villages within the Caldeira (Chã das Caldeiras, Portela)
- At your accommodation (guesthouses often arrange guides directly)
- Book in advance through tour operators
Why a guide?
- Knowledge of safe routes
- Current information on volcanic activity
- Explanations about geology and history
- Safety in changing weather conditions
Equipment: What You Really Need
Absolutely necessary:
- Sturdy hiking boots with good tread (no sneakers!) – the volcanic terrain is slippery and sharp-edged
- At least 2-3 liters of water per person
- Sun protection: hat/cap, sunglasses, sunscreen SPF 50+
- Snacks: energy bars, nuts, dried fruit for the trail
- Light, breathable clothing in layers
Highly recommended:
- Hiking poles (especially for the descent through ash)
- Light jacket or fleece (it can be windy and cool at the top)
- Bandana or scarf (against dust and ash)
- Small first-aid kit
- Phone/camera (for the spectacular views!)
- Trash bags (Leave no trace!)
Nice to have:
- Gaiters (protect against ash getting into shoes)
- Spare socks
- Small headlamp (in case return takes longer)
Difficulty Level and Fitness
Conditioning: You should have good to very good basic fitness Experience: Prior mountain hiking experience is helpful but not essential Altitude: 2,829 m – altitude sickness is rare but possible
Rule of thumb: If you can handle 3-4 hours of moderate mountain hiking with breaks, you can manage Pico do Fogo!
The Route in Detail
Ascent (approx. 3-4 hours):
- Start in Chã das Caldeiras
- First stage: Gravel paths through the Caldeira
- Second stage: Steep ascent on volcanic ash
- Final stage: Climbing along volcanic rocks to the summit crater
Descent (approx. 1-1.5 hours):
- Usually via the other side of the crater
- Fast "surfing" down the ash slopes
- Spectacular and significantly faster than the ascent!
Safety Guidelines
Before the tour:
- Check current volcanic activity information
- Check the weather forecast
- Tell someone your plans
During the tour:
- Always stay within sight of your guide
- Drink regularly, even if you're not thirsty
- Take breaks when you need them
- Don't underestimate the sun – even when cloudy!
Abort criteria:
- Severe exhaustion or dizziness
- Deteriorating weather
- Signs of altitude sickness
- Guide's instruction
Costs (Approximate)
- Local guide: approx. €25-50 per tour
- Organized tour with transport: approx. €60-100 per person
- Accommodation in Chã das Caldeiras: from €20-40 per night
Alternative Hikes for Every Taste
The Younger Siblings: Pico Pequeno and Pico Novo
If you're looking for a less demanding alternative, you'll find it in the smaller volcanic craters:
- Pico Pequeno (formed in 1995)
- Pico Novo (formed in 2014)
These peaks are much more accessible. A circular hike from Portela to both craters takes only 2 to 3 hours and is rated as easy to moderate. Warning: The small crater can get surprisingly hot!
The Classic: Descent to Mosteiros
One of the most popular longer routes leads from the Caldeira down to Mosteiros:
- Distance: 10-12.4 km
- Duration: 4 hours
- Difficulty: Moderate
Through the Surreal Forest of Monte Velha
You'll experience a completely different side of Fogo in the mystical forest of Monte Velha near Mosteiros. This 9 km hike (6-7 hours, 1,050 meters elevation gain/loss) takes you through surprisingly green and fertile areas with banana, papaya, and coffee plantations, as well as agave and eucalyptus trees – a fascinating contrast to the barren volcanic landscape.
Practical Information
Best Time to Visit
For hikers: July to December, especially October and November, when nature is most beautiful after the rainy season and the landscape glows in lush green.
For summit tours: November to June, when weather is moderate and stable. Start early in the morning (recommended between 5 AM and 12 PM) to take advantage of cooler temperatures.
Accommodation
In Chã das Caldeiras itself, you'll mainly find simple guesthouses and private accommodations (homestays) specifically geared toward hikers. Casa Marisa is particularly recommended for nature lovers.
Equipment and Preparation
Essential:
- Good, sturdy hiking boots (essential!)
- Sufficient water
- Sun protection (hat, sunscreen)
- Comfortable, breathable clothing
- For lava tunnel excursions: helmet and climbing harness
Important: Check current safety advisories about the volcano before your visit.
Tours and Guides
Fogo Natural Park (PNF) has adapted its ecotourism concept after the 2014/2015 eruption. Various organized tours are available:
- Volcano climbs with local guides
- Geological excursions through lava fields
- Culture and hiking combinations (often together with Santiago and Brava)
- Special trekking packages under the "Trekking & Hiking / Discovery" category